Saturday 7 May 2016

8 MAY 1908 INTERNATIONAL MOTHER`S DAY SHRINE

International Mother's Day Shrine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Andrews Methodist Church" redirects here. For the church in Brooklyn, see Andrews United Methodist Church.
Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church
International Mothers Day Shrine.jpg
International Mother's Day Shrine is located in West Virginia
International Mother's Day Shrine
Location11 E. Main St., Grafton, WV
Coordinates39°20′26.64″N80°1′6.75″WCoordinates: 39°20′26.64″N 80°1′6.75″W
Built1873
ArchitectPhillips and Anderson
Architectural styleRomanesque
NRHP Reference #70000667
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 18, 1970[1]
Designated NHLOctober 5, 1992[2]
Andrews Methodist Episcopal Church, the "mother church" of Mother's Day, was incorporated as the International Mother's Day Shrine on May 15, 1962, as a tribute to all mothers.[3] The church was constructed in 1873 and is located on Main Street in downtown Grafton in Taylor County, West Virginia. The International Mother's Day Shrine was designated a National Historic Landmark October 5, 1992.[2] Its location is approximately one mile south of the junction of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 119. The shrine is open by appointment and available for wedding services and tour groups.

The Founding of Mother's Day[edit]

St. Andrews Methodists Episcopal Church is most noted for holding the first official celebration of Mother’s Day in 1908. Anna Jarvis, the founder of Mother’s Day, conceived the idea as a way to venerate “a mother’s private service to her family.”[4] This reflected Anna’s desire to use Mother’s Day as a sentimental way to remember her own mother, Ann Maria Reeves Jarvis, following her mother’s death in 1905.[5] Following the original celebrations of Mother’s Day in 1908 in Grafton, West Virginia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Jarvis’ holiday quickly gained support across America. Jarvis campaigned for recognition of Mother’s Day as an official holiday. Anna chose the second Sunday in May as the annual date for the holiday because it marked the anniversary of her mother’s death. The white carnation became a symbol of the day, and was selected by Jarvis to honor her mother’s favorite flower.[6] The celebration also extended to many foreign countries within only a few years of its conception. In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed that flags be flown “on the second Sunday in May as a public expression of our love and reverence for the mothers of our country.”[7] The 1914 proclamation by Wilson represents a victory for Jarvis, since it recognized her holiday and mothers across America. The year 2014 represents the 100th anniversary of Wilson’s proclamation and the official national recognition of Mother’s Day as a holiday. The International Mother’s Day Shrine in Grafton, West Virginia holds special commemorations and events in recognition of this anniversary.

International Mother's Day[edit]

The adoption of Mother’s Day spread quickly internationally. By the third call for a Mother’s Day celebration by Anna Jarvis in 1909, “forty-five states, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Canada, and Mexico” participated with celebrations on the second Sunday in May.[8] The rapid adoption of Mother’s day by other nations surprised Jarvis, who stated, “Where it will end must be left for the future to tell. That it will girdle the globe seems now certain.”[8] Jarvis foresaw the international appeal of Mother’s Day and believed the celebration and honor would be adopted around the globe. In May 1932, Mother’s Day was even adopted in Japan, after 19 years of observance by Christians, showing the wide reach of Anna Jarvis and the embracement of Mother’s Day internationally.[8] The international spread and adoption of Mother’s Day creates a larger international connection for the Shrine.

See also[edit]

Mother's Day (United States)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mother's Day
Mother's day gifts.jpg
Examples of handmade Mother's Day gifts
Observed byUSA
TypeCultural, commercial
ObservancesChurch services, distribution of carnations, breakfasts in bed and family dinners[1]
DateSecond Sunday in May
2015 dateMay 10
2016 dateMay 8
2017 dateMay 14
2018 dateMay 13
Frequencyannual
Related toFather's Day, Parents' Day
Mother's Day in the United States is an annual holiday celebrated on the second Sunday in May. Mother's Day recognizes mothers, motherhood and maternal bonds in general, as well as the positive contributions that they make to society. Although many Mother's Day celebrations world-wide have quite different origins and traditions, most have now been influenced by the more recent American tradition established by Anna Jarvis, who campaigned for the holiday. Organized by Jarvis, the first official Mother's Day was celebrated at St. Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia, which now holds the International Mother's Day Shrine.[2] Previous attempts at establishing Mother's Day in the United States sought to promote peace by means of honoring mothers who had lost or were at risk of losing their sons to war.

History[edit]

First attempts to establish a holiday[edit]

During the 19th century, women's peace groups in USA tried to establish holidays and regular activities in favor of peace and against war. A common early activity was the meeting of groups of mothers whose sons had fought or died on opposite sides of the American Civil War.
In 1868, Ann Jarvis, mother of Anna Jarvis, created a committee to establish a "Mother's Friendship Day", the purpose of which was "to reunite families that had been divided during the Civil War." Jarvis – who had previously organized "Mother's Day Work Clubs" to improve sanitation and health for both Union and Confederate encampments undergoing a typhoid outbreak – wanted to expand this into an annual memorial for mothers, but she died in 1905 before the celebration became popular.[3][4] Her daughter would continue her mother's efforts.
There were several limited observances in the 1870s and the 1880s but none achieved resonance beyond the local level.[3] At the time, Protestant schools in the United States already held many celebrations and observations such as Children's Day, Temperance Sunday,Roll Call Day, Decision Day, Missionary Day and others.[5] In New York City, Julia Ward Howe led a "Mother's Day for Peace" anti-war observance on June 2, 1872,[3][6][7] which was accompanied by a "Appeal to womanhood throughout the world" (nowadays known asMother's Day Proclamation). The observance continued in Boston for about 10 years under Howe's personal sponsorship, then died out.[8] In these celebrations, mothers all around the world would work towards world peace.[6]
Several years later a Mother's Day observance on May 13, 1877 was held in Albion, Michigan over a dispute related to the temperance movement.[9] According to local legend, Albion pioneer Juliet Calhoun Blakeley stepped up to complete the sermon of the Rev. Myron Daughterty who was distraught because an anti-temperance group had forced his son and two other temperance advocates at gunpoint to spend the night in a saloon and become publicly drunk. From the pulpit Blakeley called on other mothers to join her. Blakeley's two sons, both traveling salesmen, were so moved that they vowed to return each year to pay tribute to her and embarked on a campaign to urge their business contacts to do likewise. At their urging, in the early 1880s, the Methodist Episcopal Church in Albion set aside the second Sunday in May to recognize the special contributions of mothers.
Frank E. Hering, alumnus and administrator at the University of Notre Dame and President of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, made a plea for "setting aside one day in the year as a nationwide memorial to the memories of Mothers and motherhood" in 1904.[10][11][12] After observing a class of Notre Dame students sending home penny postcards to their mothers, Hering went on to be a vocal advocate for a national Mother's Day for the next decade.[10] As Hering stated in a 1941 issue of Scholastic: “Throughout history the great men of the world have given their credit for their achievements to their mothers. [The] Holy Church recognizes this, as does Notre Dame especially, and Our Lady who watches over our great institution.”[10]

Establishment of holiday[edit]

Mother's Day 1915 postcard from Northern Pacific Railway
In its present form, Mother's Day was established by Anna Jarvis with the help of Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker following the death of her mother, Ann Jarvis, on May 9, 1905. Jarvis never mentioned Howe or Mothering Sunday, and she never mentioned any connection to the Protestant school celebrations, always claiming that the creation of Mother's Day was hers alone.[13]
A small service was held on May 12, 1907 in the Andrew's Methodist Episcopal Church in Grafton, West Virginia, where Anna's mother had been teaching Sunday school.[3] The first "official" service was on May 10, 1908, in the same church, accompanied by a larger ceremony in the Wanamaker Auditorium in the Wanamaker's store in Philadelphia.[3] The next year the day was reported to be widely celebrated in New York.[14]
President Wilson's Mother's Day Proclamation of May 9, 1914
Jarvis then campaigned to establish Mother's Day first as a U.S. national holiday and then later as an international holiday.[15] The holiday was declared officially by the state of West Virginia in 1910, and the rest of the states followed quickly.[3]
On May 10, 1913, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution calling on all federal government officials (from the president down) to wear a white carnation the following day in observance of Mother's Day.[16] On May 8, 1914, the U.S. Congress passed a law designating the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day and requesting a proclamation. The next day, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation declaring the first national Mother's Day[17][18] as a day for American citizens to show the flag in honor of those mothers whose sons had died in war.[17] In 1934, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved a stamp commemorating the holiday.[19]
In May 2008, the U.S. House of Representatives voted twice on a resolution commemorating Mother's Day,[20][21] the first one being passed without a dissenting vote (21 members not voting).[20] The Grafton church, where the first celebration was held, is now the International Mother's Day Shrine and is a National Historic Landmark.[22]

Traditions[edit]

Traditions on Mother's Day include churchgoing, the distribution of carnations, and family dinners.[1] Mother’s Day is the third largest holiday in the US for sending cards. According to the greeting card industry, it is estimated that more than 50 percent of American households send greeting cards on this holiday.[23] The holiday has been heavily commercialized by advertisers and retailers, and has been criticized by some as a Hallmark Holiday.[24][25]

Carnations[edit]

Carnations have come to represent Mother's Day since Anna Jarvis delivered 500 of them at the first celebration in 1908.[3][18][22] Many religious services held later adopted the custom of giving away carnations.[3] This also started the custom of wearing a carnation on Mother's Day.[11] The founder, Anna Jarvis, chose the carnation because it was the favorite flower of her mother.[26] In part due to the shortage of white carnations, and in part due to the efforts to expand the sales of more types of flowers in Mother's Day, florists invented the idea of wearing a pink carnation if your mother was living, or a white one if she was dead; this was tirelessly promoted until it made its way into the popular observations at churches.[11][27]

Commercialization[edit]

The commercialization of the American holiday began very early, and only nine years after the first official Mother's Day it had become so rampant that Anna Jarvis herself became a major opponent of what the holiday had become,[28][29] spending all her inheritance and the rest of her life fighting what she saw as an abuse of the celebration.[28] She decried the practice of purchasing greeting cards, which she saw as a sign of being too lazy to write a personal letter. She was arrested in 1948 for disturbing the peace while protesting against the commercialization of Mother's Day, and she finally said that she "...wished she would have never started the day because it became so out of control ..."[29] She died later that year.
However, Mother's Day is now one of the most commercially successful American occasions, having become the most popular day of the year to dine out at a restaurant in the United States[30] and generating a significant portion of the U.S. jewelry industry's annual revenue, from custom gifts like mother's rings.[31] Americans spend approximately $2.6 billion on flowers, $1.53 billion on pampering gifts—like spa treatments—and another $68 million on greeting cards.[32]
Commercialization has ensured that the holiday has continued, when other holidays from the same time, such as Children's Day and Temperance Sunday,[33] are no longer celebrated.[34]

Dates[edit]

YearMother's Day
1908193619641992202020482076May 10
1909193719651993202120492077May 9
1910193819661994202220502078May 8
1911193919671995202320512079May 14
1912194019681996202420522080May 12
1913194119691997202520532081May 11
1914194219701998202620542082May 10
1915194319711999202720552083May 9
1916194419722000202820562084May 14
1917194519732001202920572085May 13
1918194619742002203020582086May 12
1919194719752003203120592087May 11
1920194819762004203220602088May 9
1921194919772005203320612089May 8
1922195019782006203420622090May 14
1923195119792007203520632091May 13
1924195219802008203620642092May 11
1925195319812009203720652093May 10
1926195419822010203820662094May 9
1927195519832011203920672095May 8
1928195619842012204020682096May 13
1929195719852013204120692097May 12
1930195819862014204220702098May 11
1931195919872015204320712099May 10
1932196019882016204420722101May 8
1933196119892017204520732102May 14
1934196219902018204620742103May 13
193519631991201920472075May 12
2100May 9
2104May 14

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